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Explore the Indian Penal Code (IPC, 1860) and Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS, 2023). Search sections, compare criminal provisions, and read high court legal commentaries.

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Statutory Implementation Notice: The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 came into force across India on 1 July 2024. The Indian Penal Code, 1860 has been repealed subject to savings provisions for offences committed prior to the commencement date.
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compare_arrows Comparative Legal Reference: IPC (1860) vs BNS (2023)

Showing 2 verified statutory cross-references

IPC: Repealed/Savings BNS: In Force
IPC 302 ↔ BNS 103 Modified Evolution
Section 103(1) BNS retains the punishment for murder. Sub-section (2) introduces a specialized provision and mandatory punishment for mob lynching by 5 or more persons.
history IPC 1860 (Repealed) Ch. XVI

Section 302: Punishment for murder

Offences Affecting Human Body
Punishment: Death, or Imprisonment for Life, and fine.
Non-Bailable Read IPC Section →
verified BNS 2023 (Current Code) Ch. VI

Section 103: Punishment for murder

Offences Affecting Human Body
Punishment: Death or Imprisonment for Life, and fine. (Sub-section 2 incorporates specific punishment for mob lynching).
Non-Bailable Read BNS Section →
IPC 304 ↔ BNS 105 Direct Equivalent
Punishment for culpable homicide not amounting to murder corresponds directly.
history IPC 1860 (Repealed) Ch. XVI

Section 304: Punishment for culpable homicide not amounting to murder

Offences Affecting Human Body
Punishment: Part I: Life imprisonment or up to 10 years + fine; Part II: Up to 10 years, or fine, or both.
Non-Bailable Read IPC Section →
verified BNS 2023 (Current Code) Ch. VI

Section 105: Punishment for culpable homicide not amounting to murder

Offences Affecting Human Body
Punishment: Part I: Life imprisonment or up to 10 years + fine; Part II: Imprisonment up to 10 years, or fine, or both.
Non-Bailable Read BNS Section →

menu_book Latest Legal Articles & Statutory Commentaries

Expert insights and judicial analyses by Supreme Court & High Court advocates

Peer-Reviewed Editorial
gavel IPC to BNS Transition
16 Aug 2026 • 7 min read

Transition from IPC 1860 to BNS 2023: Key Statutory Changes Every Indian Citizen Must Know

A comprehensive, practitioner-reviewed breakdown of the major legal shifts introduced by the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 effecti...

Senior Legal Editorial Board Read Article →
gavel Women & Child Protection
16 Aug 2026 • 6 min read

Section 69 BNS Explained: Legal Remedies Against False Promises of Marriage & Deceitful Inducement

An authoritative legal commentary on Section 69 of Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023, distinguishing genuine relationship breakdown fr...

Adv. Rajeshwari Sen Read Article →
gavel Criminal Law & Reforms
16 Aug 2026 • 8 min read

Understanding Bail Jurisprudence in Indian Criminal Courts: Bailable vs Non-Bailable Offences

A step-by-step practical guide to regular bail, anticipatory bail, interim bail, and statutory default bail under Indian procedura...

Adv. Sourav Mukherjee Read Article →
gavel Cyber Law & Digital Crimes
16 Aug 2026 • 6 min read

Digital Evidence, Cyber Frauds & Electronic Records: Legal Validity in Court Trials

How WhatsApp chats, CCTV footage, server logs, and digital transactions are verified and admitted into evidence in criminal and ci...

Adv. Debanjan Roy Read Article →
Primary Source Authority

Statutory provisions, chapter structures, and section texts cited on this portal are sourced from the official repository of the Legislative Department, Ministry of Law and Justice, Government of India (India Code).

BNS on India Code ↗ IPC on India Code ↗

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