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Explore the Indian Penal Code (IPC, 1860) and Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS, 2023). Search sections, compare criminal provisions, and read high court legal commentaries.

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Statutory Implementation Notice: The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 came into force across India on 1 July 2024. The Indian Penal Code, 1860 has been repealed subject to savings provisions for offences committed prior to the commencement date.
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Topics: All Topics Homicide & Murder Women & Child Fraud & Cheating (420) Theft & Snatching State & Sovereignty Defamation Hurt & Grievous Hurt Criminal Intimidation

compare_arrows Comparative Legal Reference: IPC (1860) vs BNS (2023)

Showing 14 verified statutory cross-references

IPC: Repealed/Savings BNS: In Force
IPC 302 ↔ BNS 103 Modified Evolution
Section 103(1) BNS retains the punishment for murder. Sub-section (2) introduces a specialized provision and mandatory punishment for mob lynching by 5 or more persons.
history IPC 1860 (Repealed) Ch. XVI

Section 302: Punishment for murder

Offences Affecting Human Body
Punishment: Death, or Imprisonment for Life, and fine.
Non-Bailable Read IPC Section →
verified BNS 2023 (Current Code) Ch. VI

Section 103: Punishment for murder

Offences Affecting Human Body
Punishment: Death or Imprisonment for Life, and fine. (Sub-section 2 incorporates specific punishment for mob lynching).
Non-Bailable Read BNS Section →
IPC 299 ↔ BNS 100 Direct Equivalent
Definition of culpable homicide transitioned with minor language modernizations.
history IPC 1860 (Repealed) Ch. XVI

Section 299: Culpable homicide

Offences Affecting Human Body
Punishment: Definition section; punishment prescribed under Section 304 IPC.
Non-Bailable Read IPC Section →
verified BNS 2023 (Current Code) Ch. VI

Section 100: Culpable homicide

Offences Affecting Human Body
Punishment: Punishable under Section 105 BNS with imprisonment for life or imprisonment up to ten years, and fine.
Non-Bailable Read BNS Section →
IPC 304 ↔ BNS 105 Direct Equivalent
Punishment for culpable homicide not amounting to murder corresponds directly.
history IPC 1860 (Repealed) Ch. XVI

Section 304: Punishment for culpable homicide not amounting to murder

Offences Affecting Human Body
Punishment: Part I: Life imprisonment or up to 10 years + fine; Part II: Up to 10 years, or fine, or both.
Non-Bailable Read IPC Section →
verified BNS 2023 (Current Code) Ch. VI

Section 105: Punishment for culpable homicide not amounting to murder

Offences Affecting Human Body
Punishment: Part I: Life imprisonment or up to 10 years + fine; Part II: Imprisonment up to 10 years, or fine, or both.
Non-Bailable Read BNS Section →
IPC 376 ↔ BNS 64 Modified Evolution
Chapter reorganized under dedicated Chapter V (Offences Against Woman & Child). Minimum punishment increased to 10 years (from 7 years previously).
history IPC 1860 (Repealed) Ch. XVI

Section 376: Punishment for rape

Offences Against Women and Children
Punishment: Rigorous imprisonment not less than 10 years up to life, and fine.
Non-Bailable Read IPC Section →
verified BNS 2023 (Current Code) Ch. V

Section 64: Punishment for rape

Offences Against Women and Children
Punishment: Rigorous imprisonment for not less than 10 years up to life imprisonment, and fine; Aggravated rape: minimum 20 years to natural life.
Non-Bailable Read BNS Section →
IPC 498A ↔ BNS 85 Direct Equivalent
Cruelty by husband or relatives of husband placed in Chapter V with same statutory elements.
history IPC 1860 (Repealed) Ch. XXA

Section 498A: Husband or relative of husband of a woman subjecting her to cruelty

Offences Against Women and Children
Punishment: Imprisonment up to 3 years and fine.
Non-Bailable Read IPC Section →
verified BNS 2023 (Current Code) Ch. V

Section 85: Husband or relative of husband of a woman subjecting her to cruelty

Offences Against Women and Children
Punishment: Imprisonment up to 3 years and fine.
Non-Bailable Read BNS Section →
IPC 379 ↔ BNS 303 Modified Evolution
Theft provision introduces community service option for first-time offenders where stolen property value is below ₹5,000 upon return/restitution.
history IPC 1860 (Repealed) Ch. XVII

Section 379: Punishment for theft

Offences Against Property
Punishment: Imprisonment up to 3 years, or fine, or both.
Non-Bailable Read IPC Section →
verified BNS 2023 (Current Code) Ch. XVII

Section 303: Theft

Offences Against Property
Punishment: Imprisonment up to 3 years, or fine, or both (subsequent conviction up to 5 years). First offence under ₹5,000 punishable with community service.
Non-Bailable Read BNS Section →
IPC 406 ↔ BNS 316 Modified Evolution
Criminal breach of trust maximum imprisonment increased from 3 years in IPC 406 to 5 years in BNS Section 316(2).
history IPC 1860 (Repealed) Ch. XVII

Section 406: Punishment for criminal breach of trust

Offences Against Property
Punishment: Imprisonment up to 3 years, or fine, or both.
Non-Bailable Read IPC Section →
verified BNS 2023 (Current Code) Ch. XVII

Section 316: Criminal breach of trust

Offences Against Property
Punishment: Imprisonment up to 5 years, or fine, or both.
Non-Bailable Read BNS Section →
IPC 420 ↔ BNS 318 Modified Evolution
Cheating definition and aggravated cheating merged under Section 318 BNS (Sub-section 4 corresponds to Section 420 IPC with up to 7 years imprisonment).
history IPC 1860 (Repealed) Ch. XVII

Section 420: Cheating and dishonestly inducing delivery of property

Offences Against Property
Punishment: Imprisonment up to 7 years and fine.
Non-Bailable Read IPC Section →
verified BNS 2023 (Current Code) Ch. XVII

Section 318: Cheating

Offences Against Property
Punishment: Simple cheating: up to 3 years + fine; Cheating and dishonestly inducing delivery of property (Sub-section 4): up to 7 years + fine.
Non-Bailable Read BNS Section →
IPC 506 ↔ BNS 351 Direct Equivalent
Criminal intimidation provisions mapped to Section 351 BNS (Sub-section 3 covers aggravated threats of death/grievous hurt).
history IPC 1860 (Repealed) Ch. XXII

Section 506: Punishment for criminal intimidation

Criminal Intimidation & Defamation
Punishment: Simple intimidation: up to 2 years, or fine, or both; Grievous threat: up to 7 years, or fine, or both.
Bailable Read IPC Section →
verified BNS 2023 (Current Code) Ch. XIX

Section 351: Criminal intimidation

Criminal Intimidation & Defamation
Punishment: Simple threat: up to 2 years, or fine, or both; Threat of death/grievous hurt: up to 7 years, or fine, or both.
Bailable Read BNS Section →
IPC 500 ↔ BNS 356 Modified Evolution
Defamation under Section 356 BNS introduces Community Service as an explicit sentencing alternative alongside imprisonment/fine.
history IPC 1860 (Repealed) Ch. XXI

Section 500: Punishment for defamation

Criminal Intimidation & Defamation
Punishment: Simple imprisonment up to 2 years, or fine, or both.
Bailable Read IPC Section →
verified BNS 2023 (Current Code) Ch. XIX

Section 356: Defamation

Criminal Intimidation & Defamation
Punishment: Simple imprisonment up to 2 years, or fine, or both, or with Community Service.
Bailable Read BNS Section →
IPC 124A ↔ BNS 152 Modified Evolution
Colonial offence of Sedition (Section 124A IPC) repealed. Replaced with Section 152 BNS penalizing acts endangering sovereignty, unity, and integrity of India, specifically covering electronic communications and financial means.
history IPC 1860 (Repealed) Ch. VI

Section 124A: Sedition

Offences Against the State
Punishment: Life imprisonment + fine, or up to 3 years + fine. (Repealed; replaced by Section 152 BNS).
Non-Bailable Read IPC Section →
verified BNS 2023 (Current Code) Ch. VII

Section 152: Act endangering sovereignty, unity and integrity of India

Offences Against the State
Punishment: Imprisonment for life or imprisonment up to 7 years, and fine. (Replaced colonial Sedition Section 124A IPC).
Non-Bailable Read BNS Section →
IPC 323 ↔ BNS 115 Modified Evolution
Simple hurt fine ceiling enhanced from ₹1,000 in IPC 323 to ₹10,000 in BNS Section 115(2).
history IPC 1860 (Repealed) Ch. XVI

Section 323: Punishment for voluntarily causing hurt

Offences Affecting Human Body
Punishment: Imprisonment up to 1 year, or fine up to ₹1,000, or both.
Bailable Read IPC Section →
verified BNS 2023 (Current Code) Ch. VI

Section 115: Voluntarily causing hurt

Offences Affecting Human Body
Punishment: Imprisonment up to 1 year, or fine up to ₹10,000, or both.
Bailable Read BNS Section →

menu_book Latest Legal Articles & Statutory Commentaries

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Primary Source Authority

Statutory provisions, chapter structures, and section texts cited on this portal are sourced from the official repository of the Legislative Department, Ministry of Law and Justice, Government of India (India Code).

BNS on India Code ↗ IPC on India Code ↗

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